尿道综合征常跟女性的下列不良习惯有关，性交时尤其是新婚时的机械性刺激，加上性兴奋时的局部充血，使尿道口及阴道口黏膜出现肿胀，这些因素造成女子尿道口持续痉挛，以及尿道周围腺体的正常分泌功能受阻，于是尿道综合征就发生了。临床上，神经源性膀胱与尿路真菌感染常与尿道综合征相混淆，应准确鉴别：
1.神经源性膀胱
多继发于糖尿病，脊髓灰，白质炎，脑炎，脑卒中，脑脊膜膨出，脊柱裂，脊膜膨出以及神经中枢或周围神经损伤等，伴膀胱过度活动时，其症状与尿道综合征有相似之处，表现为尿频，尿急，排尿困难，紧迫性尿失禁等排尿功能障碍症状，但尿动力学检查示尿道压力正常，膀胱逼尿肌压增高，反射亢进，有时可出现尿潴留，肾积水和肾功能减退等。
2.尿路真菌感染
可表现有尿路刺激症状，尿液一般细菌培养无致病菌生长，但它不同于女性尿道综合征，它有以下不同之特点：多发于糖尿病，肿瘤，免疫力低下及长期应用抗生素，激素，免疫遏制药及留置导尿管者，上行性感染所致，其特征性表现为：尿中排出“真菌球”显微镜下可见真菌孢子和菌丝。
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