对无菌性尿道综合征患者应进行尿流动力学检查，并选择合适的影像学检查手段(X线、B超、CT、膀胱镜等)排除尿路的器质性病变。经检查，部分患者有尿流动力学的异常。尿道肌肉痉挛引起的尿道梗阻为尿道综合征的主要病因，有些是器质性病变引起如尿道处女膜融合症、尿道肉阜等。尿道综合征的常用检查项目有：
1.尿常规检查
在非感染性尿道综合征无异常发现;在感染性尿道综合征，仅有少许白细胞，脓细胞，少于5个/高倍视野。
2.无真菌性细菌尿
3次中段尿细菌培养均为阴性，同时排除结核菌，厌氧菌，真菌等致尿路感染的假阴性之可能。
3.衣原体、支原体检查
在感染性尿道综合征，有时可寻及膀胱，尿道或邻近器官感染之病灶，并衣原体，支原体检查阳性。
4.IVU静脉泌尿系统感染检查
可初步排除泌尿系结核，肿瘤，结石以及膀胱憩室等疾病。
5.尿道膀胱镜检查
了解尿道，膀胱有无感染，肿瘤，有无尿道狭窄及间质性膀胱炎等。
6.尿动力学检查
表现为膀胱过度活动，膀胱乏力，远端尿道缩窄和尿道压力增高等，其中远端尿道狭窄最常见，而膀胱过度活动症往往是其症状迁延的病理基础。
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