不卫生的生活习惯，如不注意阴部清洁或经期卫生，特别是不注意房事卫生，使外阴部残留的分泌物与精液混合成为一种刺激，给细菌生长繁殖及侵入尿道创造了条件，从而引发尿道综合征。尿道综合征应与其他疾病相鉴别，这些疾病有：
1.泌尿系感染
包括肾盂肾炎和膀胱炎等，多有明显尿频，尿急，尿痛和尿道烧灼感等症状，肾盂肾炎还常伴有发热，头痛，腰痛，乏力，食欲不振等全身症状，肾区有压痛及叩击痛，实验室检查，尿常规可见大量白细胞，脓细胞和红细胞，中段尿培养有致病菌生长，菌落计数≥105/ml尿。
2.泌尿系结核
有尿频，尿急，尿痛症状，长期抗生素治疗无效，行尿沉渣抗酸染色涂片检查可发现结核杆菌，采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测尿液中结核杆菌的DNA可大大提高泌尿系结核的诊断率，行结核杆菌培养可明确诊断，IVU早期结核可见典型的肾小盏边缘虫蛀样改变;结核晚期则可出现一侧肾脏不显影，膀胱挛缩，对侧肾积水的典型结核改变，有时还可发现肾结核空洞和钙化。
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