由于尿道综合征的确切病因仍难以确定，故目前尚无标准的治疗方案。所采取的治疗原则一是针对症状，二是针对可能的诱因予以纠正。药物治疗是临床中常用的治疗方法，所用的常用药物为：
(1)α-受体阻滞药
如萘哌地尔25mg，1次/d，特拉唑嗪2mg，1次/d，或坦洛新(哈乐)0.2mg，1次/d或2次/d口服。
(2)解痉镇痛药
抗胆碱类药物如溴丙胺太林(普鲁本辛)、山莨菪碱(氢溴酸山莨菪碱);或选择性平滑肌松弛剂如泌尿灵;毒蕈碱受体阻滞药如舍尼亭等。
(3)镁离子口服液
可以提高细胞外液镁离子的浓度，降低逼尿肌的兴奋性，使之处于舒张状态，提高膀胱的顺应性。
(4)镇静及抗抑郁药
如阿普唑仑(佳乐定)0.25mg，3次/d或氟西汀(百忧解)20mg，2次/d或3次/d，有抗焦虑、抗抑郁的协同作用。
(5)辣椒辣素或辣椒辣素类似物
2%利多卡因40ml注入膀胱保留30min作为局部麻醉。正常膀胱容量者于排空膀胱后以30ml/min的速度注入浓度为100μmol的辣椒辣素溶液100ml，保留30min。灌注后膀胱容量增加，有局部烧灼痛副作用，疗效好，维持时间长，可作为顽固性尿道综合征的一种有效的治疗手段。有研究表明，人类膀胱内存在对辣椒辣素敏感的神经，应用辣椒辣素阻断传入神经后，94%的患者症状得到改善甚至消失。而辣椒辣素类似物辣度为辣椒辣素的1000倍，所需灌注浓度小，具有同样治疗效果，无辣椒辣素的副作用，似乎更值得应用。
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